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Topic of the Month- Evaluating Job Offers
Topic
of the Month- Answering The Weaknesses Question During an Interview
Topic
of the Month- Dress for Success
Topic
of the Month- Negotiating Salary
Topic
of the Month- Networking
Topic
of the Month- Internship / Job Fairs
Topic
of the Month- Resume Writing
Topic
of the Month- Starting Your First Job
Topic
of the Month- Internships
Topic of the Month- Evaluating Job Offers
How do I decide whether to accept a job offer?
Congratulations, you have a job offer! The decision to accept or decline an offer can be challenging, and there are many factors to consider. Some factors to consider include: working conditions, job responsibilities, salary, colleagues and supervisor, size of organization, and location. Your first reaction is often excitement, followed by relief to have something in hand. Always be certain to take the time you need to consider an offer carefully it is not the best idea to accept a job out of excitement or desperation, because you do not want to find out a week later that it was not the best decision for you. Drexel University W.W. Hagerty Library Resource Guide: Networking, Interviewing, and Salary Negotiation
Is salary the only reason to accept a job offer?
Too many individuals make decisions based on a very narrow set of criteria, particularly on the basis of salary. You have to be prepared to work in this job for 40, 60, or 80 hours a week. So be sure to take some time to evaluate what you truly want out of your job (which also includes considering: How much leisure time will I have? What geographic location do I prefer? What sorts of health care plans or other benefits are offered? Do they pay or offer assistance for an MBA? etc.). Your most important considerations are probably about the job itself, the quality of work and responsibility you will have, and the people who will be working alongside of you. Did you like the people you met? What sorts of new skills and knowledge will you develop from this job? Are you going to be exposed to people in the industry who can serve as good teachers and mentors?
When it comes to compensation, salary is not the whole story. Consider the benefits package: a full employee benefits package can add 30-40 percent to your base salary. Some employers will subsidize or completely pay for your graduate degree. Other important benefits to look for are vacation and sick time, health coverage, life and disability insurance, profit sharing or retirement benefits, and dental, vision and prescription plans. More enlightened employers are also providing on-site or subsidized day care and a flexible parental leave policy. Jobtrak.com: Career Service Network for College Students and Alumni
When judging salary, be sure to consider the cost of living in the city where you will locate. A $40,000 base salary in New York will not go as far as the same salary in Minneapolis. Cost of living comparisons can be found online at sites like www.homefair.com and http://www.bestplaces.net/city/ccompare.aspx
What if I have been offered a low salary for my dream job?
Express your enthusiasm for the job, but ask the employer whether or not he or she has any flexibility in determining the salary. Listen carefully to the response, because it will give you an idea of whether or not it's worthwhile to pursue the issue. Remember, a high salary will not make you happy if you are in the wrong job. Do not make your decision on financial grounds alone. In a series of surveys by the Conference Board conducted in 1995, 2000 and 2002, the proportion of Americans satisfied with their jobs has declined significantly, from 58.6 percent to 50.5 percent. So money is not everything. Drexel University W.W. Hagerty Library Resource Guide: Networking, Interviewing, and Salary Negotiation
Where does the perceived reputation of the company or firm come into play?
Many people make decisions based on the perceived reputation of the firm. Certainly, there are some organizations that "everyone" has heard of. But, do you like those currently working there? How much do you know about the corporate culture and the ins and outs of daily work life in that organization? A well-known, highly reputable firm might look nice on your resume, but be sure you have truly evaluated the people and can feel confident that it is the right environment for you. Again, a big-name firm will not make you happy if you are in the wrong job. Finally, keep in mind that this one job will not determine the course of your entire career. Although some jobs seem like a "better" place to begin a career, your success and satisfaction are determined largely by your own effort, willingness to work hard toward goals, and a bit of luck. If your first job is not what you had hoped for, then make a change and find something else. Stay focused on the things you most enjoy and usually the rest falls into place. Patricia Rose, Director of Career Services at the University of Pennsylvania
How can I best handle the pressure of deadlines and decisions?
Most employers will allow you a reasonable and fair amount of time to decide on a job offer. Because of the competitive nature of recruiting in some industries, and during a tight job market, some employers may present decision deadlines that are too short, for example less than one week. Still other employers may go so far as to extend an "exploding offer" (i.e., if you don't accept a job by the stated deadline, the job offer is rescinded). If this ever happens, you should consult with someone specializing in employer relations regarding policies on employment offers.
If the employer gives you a deadline that seems reasonable to you, then try to accommodate the request. If the employer does not give you a deadline, be sure to ask for one. If you are given a deadline but need more time to make an informed decision, then ask the employer if it is possible to have more time. Most employers understand that you are making a very important decision and more often than not will be willing to do as much as they can to allow you the time you need. One might say, "Before I make my final decision, I'd like to be certain I have all the information I need by completing all the interviews I have already arranged. I want to emphasize how interested I am in your firm. Do you have some flexibility with your deadline for my decision?" Patricia Rose, Director of Career Services at the University of Pennsylvania
What is the best way to go about asking for extra time?
When asking for extra time, be aware that some companies might be willing to hold a job open for you, but it might not be in your first choice division or location. For example a company or organization might say, "We'll be happy to extend the deadline for you but as soon as all three New York slots are filled, you might have to go to a different office." You also need to be respectful of the company's time and expenditure in this process. If you have no intention of accepting an offer, inform the employer as soon as possible so they can make offers to other candidates.
If you are interviewing on a campus, odds are that you will be interviewing with multiple companies and ideally will be waiting for multiple offers. If you are waiting to get feedback on multiple final round interviews, it can be really tough because not all firms operate on the same timeframe. Sometimes the timing is awful: Company A needs a final decision by Thursday, but Company B isn't going to extend offers until next Tuesday. Once you receive a job offer, it is perfectly acceptable to contact the other firms of interest to you or with whom you have already interviewed to see if they can accommodate an earlier interview date or give you a more firm date on which they will make their decision. Mentioning the fact that you have another offer (especially if it is in the same industry) can provide leverage with other companies in deciding on your application. Always be courteous, "I recently received a job offer from Company A, and therefore I wanted to discuss the possibility of arranging an earlier interview date with you." Don't presume that they will be able to accommodate you, and don't be insistent once the answer "no" has been given. Patricia Rose, Director of Career Services at the University of Pennsylvania
I accepted one job but now I have a better offer...
Once you accept a job offer, you should notify all other employers with whom you may have offers pending. Having accepted an offer, you have made a contract with an employer and you are then obligated to withdraw from all other job search activities. It is not ethical, nor is it good for your reputation and integrity, to accept a job offer and then renege because a better job has come along.
If you were not sure about a job, you would be better served to keep looking for a job that offers a better "fit" than accept a job out of desperation. This may be more or less economically feasible for some, however, so consider alternatives like working for a temp agency while continuing to pursue the "right" full-time opportunity. Persistence pays dividends. Jobtrak.com: Career Service Network for College Students and Alumni
How do I confirm an offer?
Before you accept a job, get the offer and all the details in writing. At bare minimum, your offer letter should outline what your position title is, your salary (reported as a annual number, or sometimes as your weekly/bi-monthly pay amount), your start date, and other terms of your employment. Read it over carefully to make certain that it reflects what you have discussed with your employer. If you are asked to sign any contracts, non-compete clauses, and the like, you may wish to consult an attorney familiar with employment law. Patricia Rose, Director of Career Services at the University of Pennsylvania
How do I decline an offer?
Whenever you decline an offer, do so graciously and without burning bridges. You never know when you may be in contact with those organizations or individuals in the future. Express your appreciation for any time the interviewers spent with you, for the offer, and wish the employer well for the future. Drexel University W.W. Hagerty Library Resource Guide: Networking, Interviewing, and Salary Negotiation
Topic of the Month- Answering The Weaknesses Question During an Interview
What exactly is the “weaknesses question”?
“Tell me some of your weaknesses?” is a question most job searchers are asked during the course of an interview. This infamous query has been an enduring weapon in the hiring manager's arsenal, but most people still have trouble with the dilemma it poses: answer too frankly, and you'll torpedo your prospects. Give a canned answer and you'll seem phony, or worse, evasive: "My greatest weakness is that I'm a perfectionist and work too hard.”
What do those in Human Resources have to say?
In search of a better way to address the “weaknesses question”, several HR managers and career experts have been asked for answers to this interview toughie.
"It's a tricky question," admits Andrea Kay, a syndicated career advice columnist and author of Interview Strategies That Will Get You the Job You Want. "I would suggest, number one, that you be ready for it, anticipate it, because it is still a question that gets asked over and over again."  Vault.com by Hans Chen
Should I name a weakness that really is not a weakness?
Some HR managers suggest the old approach of naming a fault that's not really a fault.
"I am impatient, and I like to get things done and done quickly and get frustrated when politics and red tape slow down projects," was how a recruiting and staffing manager for a Florida-based trucking company answered. Vault.com by Hans Chen
What about other strategies?
A related strategy: name a "weakness," but link it to more obvious faults demonstrated by others.
"When I was asked that question, I responded that 'My weakness was getting frustrated when "leadership" fails to make decisions or lead,'" said the director of human resources at a manufacturing company in Wisconsin. "I've also answered the question with 'I get impatient when organizations or groups say they want something, don't take the initiative, or make the decision to make it happen, pass it off to someone else, and then criticize how it's done.'" Vault.com by Hans Chen
Embrace my weaknesses?
Everybody talks about avoiding your weaknesses,” points out Austin Cooke, director of global recruitment at Sapient, a business and technology consulting company. “I actually say address them, and talk to people about how you're working on them. I think you come across as so much more compelling.”
“Sapient may be a little bit different than other companies in this regard, but we are an extremely open culture,” he says. “And one of the things we want to know a lot about is whether a candidate can identify some of their growth areas. As a candidate, you have to understand that everybody has growth areas. The candidates that can actually talk about the growth areas in a compelling way look so much better than candidates who think that they're not supposed to talk about their weaknesses or their growth areas in an interview. The number one mistake everybody always makes is they always talk about how everybody thinks they work too hard. We can read through that.” Thad Peterson Monster.com Staff Writer
How should a recent graduate field this question?
Jerry Houser, the director of the Career Development Center at the California Institute of Technology, says students should consider a skill, mention the down side of this skill, describe how they keep that weakness in line, and then give an example. "This can be done with each skill anyone has," Houser said. "A weakness is just the flip side of a strength taken too far. Great customer service may mean being too talkative. Ability to concentrate for long periods may result in seeming unfriendly. Being realistic can become uncreative. Juggling many projects may mean lost details or follow-up. Strengths and weakness are situational. You have to know how to read your environment and use or moderate your skills in context." Vault.com by Hans Chen
What about not answering the “weaknesses question”?
Another approach is choosing not to answer the question at all or ask the interviewer to rephrase the question, in hopes of drawing out the real concerns about your qualifications and temperament.
"I always tell clients, if they're comfortable enough in their own skin while they're being interviewed, to respond with either of these," said Ruth Luban, a career counselor and author of Are You a Corporate Refugee? "'My resume, and our discussion thus far, are about my strengths and what I can bring to this position. I'd prefer to focus on what you're looking for, rather than respond to a negative question,' or 'What would my weakness have to do with this job?'" Vault.com by Hans Chen
But be warned: each of these strategies can have drawbacks. The first can seem too glib. The second might be seen as condescending. The third might be regarded as evasive, even dishonest.
Should I mention a real weakness?
One can try mentioning real weaknesses, but only those that have nothing to do with the job they're applying for.
"I would say, if they asked me what my weakness was, that I'm not good at math, because I'm not, and it has nothing to do with anything I will ever do," said Andrea Kay, a syndicated career advice columnist and author of Interview Strategies That Will Get You the Job You Want.
Or name a real weakness, but one you're taking steps to improve.
"Pick something you've decided you need to get better at, like, 'I need to know more languages. All I speak English, so I'm going to make it goal to learn Spanish and French,'" Kay said. "It's saying I'm really aware of what it is that I need to be doing, and I take action on it."
Again, try to name only weaknesses that have little to do with your prospective job.
"Not everybody's great at everything," Kay said. "But you don't want to say "I don't get along well with people. You don't want to open up a can of worms, or go down a path that gets you in trouble. Don't talk about people issues." Thad Peterson Monster.com Staff Writer
Why do HR professionals continue to ask the “weaknesses question”? Is it fair?
"Absolutely!" said the director of human resources for a manufacturing company in Wisconsin. "It's thought-provoking and if posed correctly is one of those questions that can open the door for further discussion." He adds, "It's especially useful for further probing of a very strong, decisive, dominant type personality, then I use it to see if they are as in tune with their weaknesses as they are with their strengths."
But other HR folks had differing opinions.
"The only thing it could possibly measure in a positive light is the candidate’s diplomacy quotient," says one HR staff member. "I quit asking the question long ago." Thad Peterson Monster.com Staff Writer
Topic of the Month- Dress for Success
What is proper interview/career fair attire?
Always present a neat, well-groomed, and professional appearance during interviews. Specifically how you dress may depend upon the job for which you are applying; however, you don't want to assume one setting is necessarily more casual than another. It is probably best to stick with a suit regardless of where you are going, UNLESS you have received specific information to the contrary.
If I buy one suit, one kind of suit should it be?
Given the expense of a suit, if one were only to purchase one, a medium-weight suit would be most serviceable, less susceptible to wrinkling, and far more comfortable in warmer climates/rooms than heavy wool.
What should men wear to an interview or career fair?
In a corporate setting, it is recommended that men wear dark or gray suits (solid or subtle pinstripes). In organizations that are less formal (possibly nonprofit, education), one might consider a blazer, shirt and tie rather than a full suit.
Dress shirts should be solid, preferably white, cream, or pale blue. Be sure the shirt and suit are pressed/ironed.
A variety of ties may be worn, keeping in mind that muted colors in solid, stripes, or small patterns are preferred.
Make sure your shoes are polished.
What is proper interview grooming for men?
Minimize or avoid the use of cologne; many interviews take place in confined spaces, and if your interviewer is allergic it could be an unpleasantly short interview! If you happen to have long hair, consider putting it in a ponytail to keep it out of your face. If you don't have a full beard or mustache, shave. Beards and mustaches should be well groomed.
What should women wear to an interview or career fair?
In a corporate setting, it is recommended that women wear suits in plain, neutral, or dark colors (black, navy, brown, gray). In organizations that are less formal (possibly nonprofit, education), one might consider a sweater set and skirt, or a dress, rather than a full suit. If you only have one suit simply wear different blouses for a different look. Pantsuits have become more and more acceptable, but always keep in mind the nature of your organization as you consider a pantsuit; in more conservative settings, skirts are traditionally preferable. Skirts should at least reach your knees. Blouses should not have excessive frills or plunging necklines; white and ivory are always safe bets, but any light tone that matches your suit is appropriate. Short-sleeved blouses are preferred over sleeveless blouses. Basic pumps, polished, with medium or low heels are appropriate; they should be dark and match the interview suit (or be a shade darker). Wearing high heels or brand new shoes can put you in an uncomfortable position! At career fairs, shoe comfort is particularly important. If you are wearing a belt, choose a small, conservative, solid-colored leather style belt with a simple buckle. It should match your shoes and purse. Your purse should be small and plain, matching your the shoes and belt.
What are some guidelines for wearing jewelry to an interview?
Do not wear dangling bracelets or large, clunky jewelry. Plain studs or small earrings are best; a single necklace is fine, as is a watch and a ring or two.
What is proper interview grooming for women?
Be conservative with perfume and makeup; when in a confined space, even a little perfume may be too much (particularly if someone is allergic), so consider not wearing any. Nail polish should be a light shade or clear. Wear plain stockings that best match your skin tone. Keep a spare pair tucked away for emergencies. If you have long hair, consider pulling it back or putting it up, to keep it out of your face. It is important to resist the urge to play with your hair during an interview. Jewelry in hair, while fashionable, is not a good idea for an interview. http://web.princeton.edu/sites/career/Undergrad/JobSearch/dress_code.html
Do I have to take out piercings/cover up tattoos for an interview?
It is not in your best interest to break the rules of executive dress. While piercings and tattoos are acceptable when you are with your friends, or even in some work environments, they are out of place for the job interview. http://cardinalcareers.stanford.edu/faqs/interview.html#14
What else can I do to improve the first impression given at an interview?
A significant part of a hiring decision is based on nonverbal elements in an interview--handshake, eye contact, body language, posture, listening skills, clothing, grooming and accessories. Don’t overlook the power of a good first impression. People make amazing assumptions about your professional credibility and potential performance based upon your appearance during a first meeting. It's very difficult to overcome a poor first impression, regardless of your knowledge or expertise.
http://amdt.wsu.edu/research/dti/
Does dress really improve confidence at an interview?
If you come to an interview dressed professionally, you will feel a sense of confidence and others will sense your self-assurance. Many employers interpret your appearance in terms of what you know about the world around you and what attention you give to detail.
http://amdt.wsu.edu/research/dti/
Topic of the Month- Negotiating Salary
What is salary negotiation?
Salary negotiation is the process of reaching an agreement on what an organization will pay for your skills, knowledge and experience. Contrary to popular belief, this is not an adversarial process. It’s in both the organizations and your best interest to come to a mutually beneficial agreement.
~Stanford Career Development Center
Why should I negotiate my salary?
The only reason to negotiate is to get fair market value for your skills, experience and knowledge. The process is important for future earnings because most raises will be based on your starting salary. However, it is unwise to negotiate for negotiation’s sake. Don’t assume that the hiring manager expects to negotiate. You can quickly alienate potential managers if you are over zealous and take an inappropriate approach to negotiation.
~Stanford Career Development Center
How negotiable is salary?
Contrary to what many experts say, not everything is negotiable. Most employers have more flexibility than they are willing to admit, but it can vary with the economic times, the salary structure of the company and other factors. According to Dynamite Salary Negotiations, by Ronald and Caryl Rae Krannich, for positions ranging between $20,000 and $60,000, don’t expect to negotiate more than 15 percent above the employer’s stated figure.
Web.Princeton.edu/sites/career/undergrad/JobSearch/salary6.html
When should I negotiate salary?
Begin discussing salary only after you have received a formal offer, preferably in writing. Initiating a discussion regarding salary before this point could eliminate you prematurely from hiring consideration. Also, you should have researched thoroughly what the market will pay for your services in this field before negotiations begin. This information will arm you with the evidence you need to know if the salary offered is reasonable or whether you should make the case for a higher salary.
~Stanford University Career Development Center
How do I figure out what I am worth?
Researching national salary averages and looking at what others with your qualifications receive, often give you a good read on the typical salary range in your field of interest. Your worth, however, is determined by a number of other factors. Your experiences, activities, skills and abilities all help determine how much you are worth. You should keep an ongoing document of your performance and skills. List your achievements and abilities and use this when you are determining your worth in the marketplace.
Web.Princeton.edu/sites/career/undergrad/JobSearch/salary4.html
Where do I get information about salaries?
Prior to accepting any job offer, you should do your homework. There are a number of useful resources to help you identify salary averages and ranges. Try some of these ideas:
- Career Services at your academic institution
- National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) Salary Survey
- Bureau of Labor Statistics on Wages, Earnings & Benefits
- Trade or Professional Associations
- Wall Street Journal Careers online
- Magazines such as Working Women or Business Weekly
- Talk to alumni for your academic institution
- American Salaries and Wages Survey
Web.Princeton.edu/sites/career/undergrad/JobSearch/salary3.html
Is salary the only factor to consider?
Many new college graduates, and even a number of seasoned job seekers, are often tempted to evaluate a job offer on the basis of salary alone. The higher the salary does not always indicate a better offer. When evaluating job offers, you should take care to consider all aspects of the offer an all forms of compensation. Think in terms of total compensation, rather than just base salary.
Web.Princeton.edu/sites/career/undergrad/JobSearch/salary2.html
What are some of the other factors to consider when weighing total compensation?
One of the primary factors is employee benefits, such as health care plans and 401k or other investment / retirement plans. Some other forms of benefits could be stock options, tuition reimbursement, professional memberships, sign-on bonuses, relocation reimbursement, free parking and additional vacation days.
Web.Princeton.edu/sites/career/undergrad/JobSearch/salary2.html
What is the process of negotiation?
There are three steps in the process of negotiation. Step 1: Receive the offer. Thank the hiring manager for the offer and express enthusiasm for the position. Then reiterate how important the decision is for you and ask for some time to think it over in order to make a good decision. If it is a verbal offer only, ask when you can expect to receive the offer in writing. Step 2: Evaluate the offer. If you have any questions regarding benefits, ask the hiring manager for clarification. Evaluate the compensation package in its entirety and compare it to the research you have done. Develop a backup plan in case your first request should be denied. Step 3: Negotiate. After doing your homework and evaluating the offer, you are ready to negotiate. Communicate what you want clearly, diplomatically and succinctly. Listen to what the hiring manager has to say once you’ve made your request. If compensation is not negotiable, you have to make a decision based on the current offer or suggest another option from your backup plan.
~Stanford University Career Development Center
What should I do after negotiation?
Once you and your manager have come to a mutually satisfying agreement, ask for something in writing that reflects your mutual understanding. This usually will be in the form of an amended offer letter. Once you’ve signed the letter, you’ve got yourself a job – Congratulations!
~Stanford University Career Development Center
Topic of the Month- Networking
What is networking?
Networking is the process of making contact and exchanging information
with other people. It involves building relationships and creating a
personal set of contacts that may be able to help you in some way and
that you may be able to help in some way.
www.ocs.fas.harvard.edu/basics/toolkit/networking.htm
Why should I network?
Networking is a powerful way of building professional relationships.
If you are not sure what you want to do after you graduate, what better
way to explore your options than to talk to people who have already
made that decision? If you are looking for a job, networking has proven
itself to be the number one way of finding employment leads, which may
frequently result in interviewing opportunities. Networking can also
be used to conduct field research, explore careers, obtain information
about organizations, and gather career advice.
Web.Princeton.edu/sites/career/undergrad/jobsearch/networking.html
How can I develop a network
of contacts?
Network with everyone, however, the first and best place to find networking
contacts is with the people who already have a connection with you.
Your network already includes your family, friends, alumni, professors,
and work/internship supervisors. Start with the people you know best;
tell them that you are developing your professional network and ask
if they have any advice or contacts. Attend professional development
events where people go to meet others in their field. Check CareerPhilly
for a calendar of events occurring throughout the region.
Web.Princeton.edu/sites/career/undergrad/jobsearch/networking.html
Will networking help me
find a job?
Effective networking is the best tool for gathering information about
job possibilities. Positions advertised in newspapers, journals, and
on campus interview schedules represent 25-40% of job openings available.
Employers who come to campuses to interview graduating students is a
very small and specialized sample of the job market. At least 2/3 of
the jobs available in the job market are in small companies who normally
do not advertise openings and do not recruit on college campuses. This
means that 60-75% of jobs lie in the “hidden job market.”
The way to penetrate the hidden job market is through networking.www.ocs.fas.harvard.edu/basics/toolkit/networking.html
What is a networking meeting
/ informational interview?
A networking meeting or informational interview is not a job interview.
It is an informal meeting with a contact in which you can uncover opportunities,
learn about ways to enter a specific field, and research inside information
about a particular organization or industry’s culture and expectations.
Stanford University Career Development Center
How can I set up a networking
meeting or informational interview?
You can phone your contact directly, write an approach letter, or send
an email asking for an informational meeting. When requesting a meeting,
be specific about time. A request for ‘a few minutes of your time’
is much more likely to be granted. Information meetings are far more
effective and beneficial to you when conducted in person rather than
over the phone or by email. Phone meetings can be necessary in long
distance job searches, though. If initially you feel uncomfortable with
the process, it is probably better to send a letter or email first,
and then call to ask whether you can set up a meeting. Do not expect
your contact to call or write back. You retain the initiative and call
again. If you reach voicemail or a receptionist, leave a clear message
with your name, number and the name of the person who referred you,
saying you will call back the next day. You can ask the receptionist
the best time to call again. Be persistent, however, be considerate
and find a convenient time for your contact to meet with you.
Stanford University Career Development Center
What can I do to prepare
for an informational interview?
Whether you will be speaking to someone on the telephone or in his/her
office setting, you should prepare ahead of time in order to maximize
your time with your contact. Develop a list of questions that you want
to ask. Spend some time looking at the organization’s website,
so you know a little bit about the organization that employs your contact.
Also, spend time reflecting on your own interests, skills, abilities
and personality. It is quite likely that you will be asked questions
about yourself. In order for someone to provide you with information
and advice, they often want to know about your goals, so they can provide
advice in a meaningful way.
Web.Princeton.edu/sites/career/undergrad/jobsearch/networking.html
- What are some questions I can ask
my contact in an informational interview?
- Some questions regarding your exploration of the field may include:
- “What are typical career paths in this field?”
- “I’ve built a target list of organizations in this field
to research. Would you be willing to look at my list and give me any
suggestions you might have?”
- “Given my background and interests, are there other organizations
you might suggest I explore?”
- “How would you advise me to get started in building experience
in the field?”
- “Do you have an idea how I might target young, growing companies?”
- “What organizations hire entry level positions in (insert
field)?”
- "How do you see the next few years in terms of job prospects
in this field?”
- “Are there conferences which might be useful for me to attend?”
- “Are there any professional associations that may be beneficial
for me to join?”
- “If you were me, to whom would you be talking?”
Stanford University Career Development Center
Should I follow up after
a networking meeting or informational interview?
Always follow up to a networking meeting or informational interview
with a thank you letter. Your letter can be typed or handwritten, on
good quality paper with a matching envelope. Be sure to include your
address, phone and email so that your contact can get back in touch
with you in the future.
Stanford University Career Development Center
What is the best way to
become a successful and efficient networker?
When done effectively, networking will yield valuable perspectives which
help you explore, develop more contacts, and eventually produce solid
job leads. Here are Stanford University Career Development Center’s
Eight Steps to Successful Networking:
- Think about what fields you want to explore. Consider
the content of the work you’d like to do and the environment
in which you want to work. Books, guides and online publications describe
specific fields, job functions and typical career paths, and list
organizations. Look for a job that is a fit for you rather than trying
to fit yourself into an available position.
- Develop a list of possible contacts. To find these
contacts, use career services, family, friends, professors, or perhaps
people who have published articles in newspapers or journals in your
field. It is most useful to talk directly with people who are doing
the job you’re interested in, not to someone in human resources;
although HR people play an important role in the hiring process, their
job is to screen candidates, not provide advice and contacts.
- Ask for the interview. You can do this by phone,
email, or by letter with a follow-up phone call. Assume that the person
is very busy, but will enjoy giving you advice, and perhaps ask you
for advice in the future.
- Prepare yourself. Read about your contact’s
field and organization so they will feel you are seriously interested
and you will get the most out of your meeting. Building a target list
of 5-10 organizations in which you are interested will demonstrate
your focus.
- Conduct an effective meeting. Keep to the time
limit you requested. Remember that you are the one who initiated contact
and it is your role to ask questions to learn what you need to know,
with courtesy and appreciation for your contact’s time and energy.
It is also important to describe your background and interests in
a clear, concise way. Your goals are fourfold; to learn more about
the career path you are considering, to present your background and
interests clearly, to learn more about the company itself, and to
obtain referrals.
- Ask for further referrals. Once you have developed
a relationship, ask for referrals. When you present your interests
and needs in a concise and specific way, your contact will feel more
confident in referring you to colleagues for similar information meetings.
- Follow up. Send a thank you note. Thoughtful people
tend to be remembered.
- Create a tracking system. Keep track of your contacts.
You may want to re-contact this person later, and it is a good idea
to write them when you find a job. Networking is a ‘two-way
street’, and they may ask you for help in the future.
Stanford University Career Development Center
Topic of the Month- Internship / Job
Fairs
1. What can I do to prepare, before
attending a job or internship fair?
Before attending a job or internship fair, find out the companies that
will be attending the event. Research these companies and prioritize
those employers to whom you wish to speak. Create a resume if you do
not have one or proofread your existing resume to make sure that all
of the information provided is up to date. Develop an oral summary of
yourself to present to employers and draft questions that you would
like to ask each of them. Allocate your time accordingly. Don’t
arrive at the job or internship fair a half an hour before the end.
Many employers have traveled long distances and may need to leave early.
Make sure you arrive with enough time to speak with all of the employers
you are interested in.
2. What does the summary of myself include?
Your summary should be about 30 seconds long in which time you introduce
yourself, express your interest and demonstrate your knowledge of the
organization and try to relate your academic background, skills and
experience to the employer’s needs. Rehearse this introduction
before arriving at the fair to give the employers a confident first
impression.
3. What should I bring to the job or internship
fair?
Bring at least 25 to 40 copies of your resume (depending on the size
of the event) making sure that it represents your knowledge, skills
and abilities effectively. It needs to look professional and be in an
easy to read format. If you are looking at several career options, you
may want to have two or more targeted resumes with different career
objectives. Also, bring information about the organizations that will
be attending, a folder for resumes and notebook to take any notes, and
lots of energy!
4. How should I dress to attend a job or internship
fair?
As with a job interview, first impressions at a job or internship fair
are important. How you represent yourself sends an immediate message
to employers about how serious you are in your job search. It isn’t
always necessary to wear a suit – unless the position you are
looking for would require you to dress professionally at work. “Business
casual” is usually appropriate for an internship or job fair.
This includes nice slacks and a collared shirt for men and nice slacks
or a skirt and a blouse for women. Make sure your clothes are clean
and pressed and avoid wearing excess jewelry or clothing that is too
short or revealing.
5. What verbal and non-verbal communication skills
are important at a job or internship fair?
Remember to be aware of the way you communicate through words and actions.
Always give a firm handshake and maintain eye contact with the person
to whom you are speaking. Speak clearly and concisely, smile and show
enthusiasm to those you meet. Remember to keep your resumes handy –
you don’t want to have to fumble through your belongings to provide
an employer with your information. Every employer appreciates a candidate
that shows interest, good manners and confidence.
6. Should I speak to each employer individually?
Yes. Don’t just drop off a resume and move to the next booth.
Take time to get additional information from and make an impression
on everyone you meet. The point is not to see how many resumes you can
give to employers in the least amount of time – it is to establish
significant contacts and potential opportunities. Also, try to avoid
approaching employers when there is a large crowd of jobseekers around
them. When crowded, the employer may not have time to answer individual
questions and are less likely to remember you after they return to their
office.
7. How can I engage an employer in a conversation?
Experts suggest that when you end your prepared summary introduction,
you ask a focused question that will engage the employer in a conversation.
The question should be company specific and should show your interest
and enthusiasm for learning about the organization. Make sure you read
the information provided on signs and displays at the booth. Often information
is available for you to read over before approaching the recruiter.
8. Should I attend a job or internship fair with
my friends or by myself?
It is recommended that you attend a job or internship fair by yourself,
however, if you arrive with friends make sure that you browse through
the fair by yourself. Interact with employers on your own and make a
positive impression. You may be judged on how you present yourself not
only to the employer, but also while waiting in line or at other times
throughout the event. Conduct yourself professionally at all times.
9. Should I follow up to employers after the job
or internship fair?
Yes! Get business cards or contact information from employers with whom
you have made a promising lead. Write a thank-you letter to each contact
and send it out within 24 hours of the event. Include an extra copy
of your resume and inquire on the next steps to take. Within a week
after the fair, follow up with a phone call to the contact you met if
you have not already heard from them.
10. What are 5 things to take away from a job or
internship fair?
· Business cards from the recruiters you met. Use the cards to
write follow-up notes to those organizations in which you are most interested.
· Notes about contacts you made. Take paper and pen with you
to write down important details about particular organization, including
names of people who may not have had business cards. Take a few minutes
after you leave each booth to jot down these notes.
· Information about organizations you have contacted. Most recruiters
will have information for you to pick up, including company brochures,
computer diskettes or CDs, position descriptions, and other data.
· A better sense of your career options. If you have used the
event correctly, you will have made contact with several organizations
that hire people with your skills and interests. In thinking about their
needs and your background, evaluate whether each company might be a
match for you.
· Self-confidence in interacting with employer representatives.
A job or internship fair gives you the opportunity to practice your
interview skills in a less formidable environment than a formal interview.
Use this experience to practice talking about what you have done, what
you know, and what your interests are.
Topic of the Month- Resume Writing
1. What is a resume?
A resume is a clear and concise outline of your abilities, experiences,
and responsibilities in work, service, extracurricular and academic
settings.
2. What are the best ways to format a resume?
- Chronological - The first and most commonly
used format, it describes your experiences in reverse chronological
order. It is best suited if you have directly related work experience
or are targeting positions in industries, such as banking and consulting,
where a more traditional resume may be more acceptable.
- Functional - The second main format
is the functional resume, which highlights your marketable skills
by organization your accomplishments by skill or career area. This
format is very useful if you have limited related work experience.
- Achievement - The third most commonly
used format is the accomplishment or achievement resume. This is used
to highlight prior work or academic accomplishments in your background.
It can be used as an alternative to a strict functional or chronological
resume when your accomplishments are centered on a particular skill
or experience category.
3. What is the first step in writing a resume?
To begin, recall and gather information about yourself. Write down the
most salient details of your experience including pertinent coursework,
paid and volunteer work experiences, awards, clubs, research projects,
and special skills. You can always delete those experiences and activities
that are not relevant to the position you are seeking.
4. What are the different sections of a resume and
what information does each section include?
- Identifying information - The top of
the resume should include your name, current address and telephone
number, permanent address and telephone number and your email address.
- Objective - The objective, although
an optional section, tells the hiring manager at a glance what type
of position you are seeking. It can state: the specific position you
are seeking, the skills you wish to use on the job, the field or organization
type by which you wish to be employed or a combination of these elements.
- Education - This section should include
names of degree granting institutions, listing first the most recent
degree earned, degree received and major, and the graduation date,
projected graduation date or time frame of attendance if no degree
was received. Other optional information to include is your GPA, any
minor, specialization, or concentrations, overseas academic experience,
and honors or awards received.
- Experience - In the experience section,
make sure to include the title of your position, name of organization
with location, dates of employment, description of responsibilities,
and any verifiable accomplishments.
- Additional Information - Although optional,
this section can include languages, computer skills, sports, extracurricular
activities, volunteer work, leadership or teamwork activities, professional
affiliations, community service and other outstanding accomplishments.
5. Should I include references in my resume?
If the references would be well known to your reader, you may want to
include their names on your resume. Usually, if references are requested,
a separate reference sheet is paper clipped to your resume (or presented
at a later date). This should have your name at the top and list the
names, titles, addresses and phone numbers of your references. Remember:
it is important to contact your references prior to submitting their
names to potential employers.
6. How long should my resume be?
As an undergraduate, your resume should be no more than one page in
length. If you are receiving an advanced degree and have significant
experience, several publications to include, etc. you may need two pages.
Be sure to place the bulk of your achievements on the first page, to
quickly capture the employer's interest.
7. Who should I list as a reference and how many?
References are individuals who can attest to your qualifications for
a particular position or people who can discuss your skills and attributes.
Your references can confirm your abilities, so it's important that you
select people who can provide the information the recruiter is seeking.
Your relationship with the person is more important than the person's
name or job title. Your reference list should contain information for
three to five people. Don't mail your reference list with your resume
and cover letter unless specified; bring it with you to the interview.
Your reference list is one of the resources in your job search that
helps "close the deal." Be sure to select the right references
to help you secure a job offer.
8. What should I not include in my resume?
Do not include personal data such as height, weight, marital status
or social security number on your resume. It is also unnecessary to
include pictures or graphics. The only exception is for resumes that
you are sending internationally. For these resumes, you should locate
materials describing international resumes formats.
9. Is the look of my resume important?
Although your resume's content is paramount, its appearance can determine
whether or not it gets read. Your resume must look professional. It
should be printed on high quality paper of neutral color with high quality
print (preferably laser printing). Make the resume inviting, but not
flashy.
10. Should I email my resume to an employer?
Resumes can be sent via email; however, they should always be followed
up with a hard copy sent via the postal service. Resumes sent electronically
should be formatted correctly, and left aligned. How your resume looks
on screen and prints on paper is dependent upon the receiver's email
program, margins and font settings. The same resume sent to 25 different
email addresses could have 25 different "looks".
Sources: Princeton University's Career Development Center,
Stanford University's Career Development Center and Harvard's Career
Development Center.
Topic of the Month- Starting
Your First Job
1. How can I effectively manage office
politics at my new job?
Whether you work with two people or 200, you can
expect office politics to play an integral part of your corporate life.
Here are INROADS' top 10 strategies to help you effectively manage office
politics:
- Know the company culture. From dress
to decision-making, be aware of your environment and which company
"customs" are acceptable.
- Never make the boss look bad. This is
a sure way to fall into political disfavor. Do everything you can
(in reason) to support your boss and enhance his/her image.
- Identify the people with power. Every
organization has movers and shakers. Learn who they are and how they
operate. If possible, try to develop good relationships with them.
- Be a straight shooter. Honor commitments
and follow through. This includes being loyal to the company and the
people that work there.
- Be visible. If you are always buried
in your work area, you won't get the exposure that you need. Get involved
in activities that make you visible to management. Being seen after
normal working hours is also a plus. Staying at work an extra half
hour can pay dividends, since managers usually stay late and will
notice who is still there.
- Be indispensable. Seek key assignments
and perform so well that your supervisors can't imagine the organization
being successful without you.
- Be accountable. Don't blame others unless
something that went wrong was clearly not your fault. Even then, be
diplomatic about how to point this out.
- Handle criticism constructively. Listen
to what is being said. If it doesn't have merit, try to set the record
straight. If it does, take action to correct the problem.
- Listen more than you speak. You'll learn
more that way, and others will respect you more. When you do speak,
people will take you seriously.
- Treat everyone with respect and consideration.
That means not only those in your peer group and your supervisors,
but subordinates as well.
2. Should I set short-term and long-term goals in my first job?
Yes. It is important to think about your goals at every stage of your
career. Begin now and think about where you would like to be in 3, 5
and 10 years. Identify what new skills you can learn or contacts you
can make in your first job that will help you reach your outlined goals.
3. How do I network at my job?
Always take the advantage of the networking opportunities with your
co-workers throughout the company and with people you meet through the
job. Talk to as many employees in as many departments as possible and
learn what they do. Be aware of job opportunities within the company
and look for your chance to move up. Volunteer to help with projects
that will give you the opportunity to work with different people and
different departments.
4. What should I do if asked to perform tasks that
I think are mundane and boring?
Keep a positive attitude. Every job requires work that you will not
enjoy, however, by performing these tasks well and without complaint
you can show your supervisor your diligence, perseverance and flexibility
in doing whatever it takes to get the job done.
5. Should I save copies of my work?
You should save copies of work that you create such as flyers, articles,
newsletters, websites, presentations, etc. for your resume or as writing
samples you may need when interviewing for your next job. Also, save
any letters or emails of congratulations on successful projects you
have worked on.
6. What can I do if I am not challenged by my work
responsibilities in my job?
Before speaking to your supervisor, identify the tasks you are responsible
for and suggestions on how you could expand your responsibilities. Be
specific about what you would like. You can also volunteer to participate
on projects to demonstrate your capabilities. Also, see #4.
7. What will the dress code be at my new job?
Dress codes vary from office to office. Ask what the dress code is when
you interview and always dress professionally. Take pride in your physical
appearance. Remember, first impressions are made by your appearance
- dress for the job you desire, not the job you possess.
8. Do I have to work overtime?
You should talk to your supervisor about the requirements and policies
pertaining to overtime before you start the position. If you are asked
to work overtime for a specific project and you are unavailable, let
your supervisor know as soon as possible and make a suggestion on what
you can do to get the project or work completed by the time your supervisor
needs it.
9. Should I socialize outside of the office with
my co-workers?
Socialization with co-workers is a personal decision. Some offices may
have policies regarding this issue so make sure you are aware of them.
Socialization can be an important part of your job and should be thought
of as such. If you do decide to socialize with co-workers, remember
that although you are not in the office, your reputation and appearance
are. Conduct yourself professionally and use the opportunity to network.
10. How do I negotiate my salary?
Negotiating salary can often be uncomfortable and confusing. Discuss
salary and benefits before accepting any position. Research salary standards
for your position so you are aware of what the position is worth. Once
in a position, make sure you are aware of all compensation, benefits,
the process for performance reviews, and salary re-evaluations.
Topic of the Month- Internships
1. How can I find an internship or job opportunity in
the Philadelphia region?
To locate an internship or job opportunity a student
should investigate the following locations:
- Internship coordinator at your school
- Career placement counselor
- Career websites such as www.careerphilly.com
- Internship and Career Fairs (see calendar on www.careerphilly.com)
- Academic advisors
- Company websites
2. What type of information should an employer give me
about an internship?
A student should expect the employer to:
- Provide specific duties and goals
- Provide outlined expectations and objective evaluations
- Provide supervision and mentoring
- Provide a non-discriminatory workplace
- Provide a meaningful work experience
3. When should I begin to look for a summer internship
program?
Always allow yourself adequate time to assess all opportunities and
complete the necessary application procedures at the company where you
are applying. Companies have varying procedures and deadlines, so begin
your search as soon as possible.
4. What are the steps in applying for a job or internship?
- Assess your options and skills
- Research local companies and organizations (review the company
profiles on www.careerphilly.com )
- Identify available positions (see answers to question #1)
- Develop your resume and cover letter
- Apply
- Follow up regularly until you receive and response
5. What is networking and how does it help find jobs or
internships?
“Networking is meeting people to share information and help each
other achieve goals and objectives. It is an intentional effort to meet
others in order to expand your resource bank,” according to the
book Succeeding in the Workplace by Susan Race.
Many jobs and internships are not advertised because they are filled
through personal connections. Some employers prefer filling positions
based on personal recommendations from people they know and trust, then
through a formal process. Networking can help you identify specific
individuals in variety of industries who can connect you to these available
job and internship opportunities.
6. What kinds of companies use interns?
All sizes and types of companies utilize internships to supplement their
existing labor pool. Interns are viewed by employers as valuable assets
and can be used for general support and for special projects.
7. What will I be paid during an internship?
Earnings for internships vary. Some are paid, some are unpaid, some
offer a stipend, and some are part of school curriculums and are worth
school credit. Whether the internship is paid or unpaid, all internships
offer valuable work experience, networking opportunities and help to
develop skills to add to your resume.
8. Why should I look for a job or internship in the Greater
Philadelphia region?
The Greater Philadelphia region has many assets that make interning
or working in the region attractive:
- It has a diversity of industries so there are opportunities no matter
what you are interested in
- It has a great quality of life---restaurants, nightlife, galleries,
cafes, sports, etc, ---to enjoy when you are not working
- It has a low cost of living, in comparison to most major cities,
so you can afford to enjoy the amenities listed above
- It is accessible by plane, train and auto so it is easy to visit
friends and family in other locations
- It offers a diverse community
9. Do I have to interview for an internship position?
Many times interviews are necessary for internship positions. Interviews
provide you with the opportunity to learn as much as possible about
the internship, so be prepared to ask questions. Interviews provide
employers with an opportunity to see if you are the most qualified candidate
for the internship position, so be prepared to demonstrate your knowledge
of the company, to describe your interests and skills, and explain how
the company could benefit from your skills.
10. Is it ok to accept an internship even if it is
not directly related to my major?
Yes, all professional internships will give you work experience that
can be applied to almost any profession. Internships, particularly outside
of your major, could assist in your career decision by exposing you
to other options.
Topic of the Month- Professional Tips
1. "My first "job" was volunteering
for a congressional campaign at the end of high school. It was a fabulous
experience for a young person. As my friends and I were the youngest
people involved in the campaign, we did the "grunt" work
- stuffing envelopes, answering the phones, hanging posters - you name
it. But we also had wonderful opportunities with the candidate. The
most valuable thing I learned was the value of simply exuding a positive
spirit - to smile and make people feel good in your company. This is
why, as I look back, the candidate wanted me and my friends around
him in the field, although we were inexperienced and untrained. Youthful
energy and enthusiasm can be infectious and it was something we naturally
provided. I have tried to maintain some piece of that energy throughout
my career thus far. I have found that there is no downside in most
situations to exuding a positive spirit when you interact with people,
even doing a very serious and responsible job. Do it well, do it with
enthusiasm, and always be friendly to those you encounter."
Jordana Cooper - Partner, Blank Rome LLP
Topic of the Month- Students Tips
1. Check back regularly...
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